百家争鸣 - literally means Hundred Schools of Thought. Used to refer to knowledge and philosophy founded or exist before pre-Ching dynasty. However, now refers to those started at Autumn-Spring to Pre-Han dynasty. Considered as the Golden period of Chinese academy and philosophy. A saying goes: 诸子蜂起, 百家争鸣
诸子 - is the head figure or master of the school.
As a result of continuation of prosperity from previous Zhou dynasty, Dong Zhou dukes and princes flourished again almost in entire ancient China. They were given land and power of self governance over the area they control or conquer under the ruling called [封建制度]. This is the time when many duke states gave birth to numerous schools of thought. The four most famous / classical being School of Confucius (儒家), School of Daoism (道家), School of Mohism (墨家) and School of Law (道家).
中国春秋战国时学术流派的代表人物和著作。《汉书·艺文志》著录有儒、道、阴阳、法、名、墨、纵横、农、杂、小说等10家 。其中最有代表性的是儒（以孔子 、孟子为代表）、墨（以墨子为代表 ）、道（ 以老子、庄子为代表 ） 、法（以韩非子为代表）4家 。 代表他们政治和学术观点的著作分别是《论语》、《墨子》、《老子》、《庄子》、《列子》、《韩非子》等。[1]
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